Re: Is Intel exceptionally unsuccessful as an architecture designer?

On 22/09/2024 03:29, MitchAlsup1 wrote:

On Sun, 22 Sep 2024 0:13:38 +0000, Chris M. Thomasson wrote:
 

On 9/21/2024 4:55 PM, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:

On Sat, 21 Sep 2024 13:43:55 -0700, Chris M. Thomasson wrote:
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On 9/21/2024 1:22 AM, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
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On Fri, 20 Sep 2024 15:33:23 -0700, Chris M. Thomasson wrote:
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Is there any activity going on at absolute zero?

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No, because the Third Law of Thermodynamics says you can’t get there
anyway.

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How close can one get?

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Arbitrarily close. I heard of experiments already being done in the
microkelvin range.

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Odd. So absolute zero is the "limit" and we can get arbitrarily close to
it? Kind of reminds me of the infinity in the unit fractions. Say they
are signed for a moment... ;^)

 Temperature is an unsigned quantity.
 

Temperature can be defined in several ways.  It is often defined as the average kinetic energy of particles, and with that definition it is an unsigned quantity and can never be negative.
But it can also be defined as the ratio of heat change to entropy change.  Normally, adding more heat energy to a system increases its entropy - temperature is positive.  But there are systems where the energy is constrained, so adding more energy reduces the number of ways the energy can be distributed (since you are reducing the options for the distribution of the empty energy slots).  Thus the temperature is negative.
There is also a maximal temperature - or at least, a maximum temperature that can be discussed with current physical theories.  At the Planck temperature of 1.4e32 K, the thermal radiation emitted has a wavelength of Planck length.

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Correction: just checked, and the Guinness World Record site reports a
figure of 38pK.