Re: Top 10 most common hard skills listed on resumes...

On 09/09/2024 18:46, Waldek Hebisch wrote:

David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> wrote:

On 09/09/2024 05:04, Waldek Hebisch wrote:

Bart <bc@freeuk.com> wrote:

On 09/09/2024 01:29, Waldek Hebisch wrote:

Bart <bc@freeuk.com> wrote:

>

No.  It is essential for efficiency to have 32-bit types.  On 32-bit
machines doing otherwise would add useless instructions to object
code.  More precisly, really stupid compiler will generate useless
intructions even with my declarations, really smart one will
notice that variables fit in 32-bits and optimize accordingly.
But at least some gcc versions needed such declarations.  Note
also that my version makes clear that there there is
symmetry (everything should be added using 64-bit precision),
you depend on promotion rules which creates visual asymetry
are requires reasoning to realize that meaning is symetric.

>
Your posted code used 64-bit aritmetic. The xext and c 32-bit variables
were used in loops where they need to be widened to 64 bits anyway. The
new value of c is set from a 32-bit result.

>
Well, at C level there is 64-bit type.  The intent is that C compiler
should notice that the result is 32-bit + carry flag.  Ideally
compiler should notice that c has only one bit and can keep it
in carry flag.  On i386 comparison needed for loop control would
destroy carry flag, so there must be code using value of carry in
register and code to save carry to register.  But one addition
of highs parts can be skipped.  On 32-bit ARM compiler can use
special machine istructions and actually generated code which
is close to optimal.

>
When you have a type that you want to be at least 32 bits (to cover the
range you need), and want it to be as efficient as possible on 32-bit
and 64-bit machines (and 16-bit and 8-bit, still found in
microcontrollers), use "int_fast32_t".  On x86-64 it will be 64-bit, on
32-bit systems it will be 32-bit.  Use of the [u]int_fastNN_t types can
make code significantly more efficient on 64-bit systems while retaining
efficiency on 32-bit (or even smaller) targets.

 Well, I have constraints, some of which are outside of C code.
To resolve contraints I normally use some configure machinery.
If a standard type is exact match for my constraints, then I would
use standard type, possibly adding some fallbacks for pre-standard
systems.  But if my constranits differ, I see no advantage in
using more "fancy" standard types compared to old types.
 

The "fancy" standard types in this case specify /exactly/ what you apparently want - a type that can deal with at least 32 bits for range, and is as efficient as possible on different targets.  What other constraints do you have here that make "int_fast32_t" unsuitable?

Concerning '<stdint.h>', somewhat worring thing is that several types
there seem to be optional (or maybe where optional in older versions
of the standard).  I am not sure if this can be real problem,
but too many times I saw that on various issues developers say
"this in not mandatory, so we will skip it".
 

<stdint.h> has been required since C99.  It has not been optional in any C standard in the last 25 years.  That's a /long/ time - long enough for most people to be able to say "it's standard".
And almost every C90 compiler also includes <stdint.h> as an extension.
If you manage to find a compiler that is old enough not to have <stdint.h>, and you need to use it for actual code, it's probably worth spending the 3 minutes it takes to write a suitable <stdint.h> yourself for that target.