My rpi4 UBS 3 sockets failed, I suspect due to feeding power back into the port from a powered SATA to USB connector.I use a Pi for a PVR, recording TV programmes to a spinning USB HDD that is connected to a powered USB hub (so the HDD is not being powered by the Pi's USB).
When I used a Pi3, this worked perfectly. When I switched to using a Pi4, with the same HDD and hub, the Pi consistently hung very early in the boot process. As soon as I unplugged the hub from the Pi (or removed the hub's PSU) the Pi continued the boot process. (*)
It was a problem mainly if there had been a power cut and the power to both the Pi and the hub was turned on at the same time (when the power came back).
Someone suggested back-powering might be the cause, so I made up a special cable which had its +5V line cut and connected it between the Pi and the hub. Sadly this made no difference.
Powering the HDD from the Pi's power, via USB, worked fine - but I was uneasy about drawing so much current from the Pi's PSU in case the voltage ever sagged to the point that the Pi started to misbehave.
I solved the problem by changing to use a SATA HDD in a caddy that had a powered SATA-USB interface.
So the Pi4 seems to be more sensitive to powered devices than the Pi3. I'm not sure about the Pi5 as I've only used USB-powered SD cards as slave drives.
All of this is talking about an HDD that is used as a data disk. I still boot off an SD card plugged into the Pi's motherboard, in the standard way.
(*) I forget how far the boot got before it hung. It might have been before there was *any* image on a monitor connected to the HDMI port, which isn't a great deal of help...
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