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The ARRL Letter
[
http://www.arrl.org/arrlletter]
John E. Ross, KD8IDJ [ mailto:
jross@arrl.org ] , Editor | August 15, 2024
ARRL Home Page
http://www.arrl.orgARRL Letter Archive
http://www.arrl.org/arrlletterARRL Audio News
http://www.arrl.org/arrlletter/audio/iCom ATNO Secret Weapon
[
https://www.icomamerica.com/lineup/amateur/]
In this Issue:
�-�ARRL Urges Protecting the Amateur Radio 902-928 MHz Band
�-�Solar Cycle 25 Producing Record High Sunspot Numbers
�-�Hurricane Ernesto
�-�Amateur Radio in the News
�-�ARRL Podcasts
�-�In Brief...
�-�Announcements
�-�The K7RA Solar Update
�-�Just Ahead in Radiosport
�-�Upcoming Section, State, and Division Conventions
ARRL Urges Protecting the Amateur Radio 902-928 MHz Band
Hurrican Watch Net HWN Logo
[
http://www.hwn.org/]
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) accepted for public comment a
Petition for Rulemaking filed by NextNav Inc. [
https://www.fcc.gov/ecfs/document/10416238018537/1 ] , a licensee in the
900-MHz Location and Monitoring Service (LMS), to completely reconfigure the
902-928 MHz band and replace the LMS with high-powered 5G cellular and
related location services.
The FCC Notice requested comment [
https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DA-24-776A1.pdf ] on the effects that
NextNav's proposals would have on amateur radio operations in the band.
ARRL® [
https://www.arrl.org/ ] is preparing comments urging protection of
existing and future amateur uses in this band and urges all amateurs to file
their own comments describing their activities in this band and the expected
effect of the proposed changes. Click here for a guide to filing comments [
https://www.arrl.org/arrl-guide-to-filing-comments-with-fcc ] .
NextNav currently holds licenses in the 900-MHz band that authorize it to
provide services limited to determining the location and status of mobile
radio units. NextNav ties its request to provide high-power broadband,
cellular and location services to the vulnerabilities of the current
satellite-based GPS system and argues that implementation of its proposal
would complement GPS by providing an alternative nationwide terrestrial
location system in addition to cellular and broadband services. Under its
proposal, NextNav would be designated the sole nationwide licensee for this
spectrum in exchange for its more limited licenses.
The new nationwide license would authorize NextNav to provide much
higher-powered traditional broadband and 5G cellular services as well as the
related location service occupying 15 of the total 26 megahertz available in
the band. The reconfiguration proposed by NextNav would create a
5-megahertz-wide uplink subband at 902-907 MHz paired with a 10-megahertz
downlink subband at 918-928 MHz. The 5-megahertz uplink subband would be
limited to use by mobiles with a maximum of 3 watts ERP. On the 10-megahertz
downlink subband, up to 2000 watts ERP would be permitted in rural areas and
1000 watts ERP in urban and suburban areas, radiating from tower structures
that could reach 1000 or more feet above average terrain. These
configurations reflect the FCC's rules for standard cellular configurations
that have been adopted to govern a number of other bands used for similar 5G
and like services.
Although uses by the Amateur Radio Service in this band are secondary to LMS,
NextNav is proposing substantial technical and use changes that would
completely alter the foundation upon which the current rules and spectrum
sharing arrangements rely and undercut shared use of the band by amateurs as
well as a variety of other users. In addition, NextNav proposes deletion of a
specific interference provision in the Commission's rules that was adopted to
encourage and protect continued sharing with amateurs and other secondary
users.
NextNav, in its petition, argues without evidence that the changes that it
proposes to the 902-928 MHz band "will not impede amateur operations." In an
8-page description [
https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DA-24-776A1.pdf] of NextNav's proposal released by the FCC's Wireless Telecommunications
Bureau, the FCC staff asks a series of questions that would clarify the
proposal and help the Commission ascertain the likely effect of the proposed
changes on existing users if the requested changes were adopted. Comment was
specifically requested on the extent of amateur operations in the band, the
potential impact of the proposed changes, any other spectrum options that may
exist, and the costs for relocations if other options exist.
ARRL is preparing comments urging protection of existing and future amateur
uses in this band. ARRL urges all amateurs to study the proposal and file
their own comments describing their activities in this band and the expected
effect of the proposed changes. The filing deadline is September 5, 2024.
Replies to comments are due by September 20, 2024. Click here for a guide to
filing comments [
https://www.arrl.org/arrl-guide-to-filing-comments-with-fcc] .
RigSelect Radio Switch SO2R + Controller
[
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Solar Cycle 25 Producing Record High Sunspot Numbers
Solar Cycle 25 Impressing Propagation Experts
By: Frank Donovan, W3LPL
Editor's note: This article was written earlier in the week. The latest
measurements show even higher numbers. See K7RA Solar Report, below.
Record High Solar Cycle 25 Solar Maximum Sunspot Numbers Have Improved HF
Propagation Since Mid-July and Possibly Bringing Worldwide 6 Meter F2
Propagation This Fall
ARRL Cycle 25
[
https://www.arrl.org/cycle-25]
According to the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC), Solar Cycle 25
likely reached its highest sunspot number yet of at least 299 on August 8th.
www.swpc.noaa.gov/news/solar-cycle-25-likely-reached-highest-sunspot-number-over-20-years
[
https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/news/solar-cycle-25-likely-reached-highest-sunspot-number-over-20-years]
The World Data Center - Sunspot Index and Long-Term Solar Observations
(SILSO) publishes near-real-time Estimated International Sunspot Number
(EISN) reports based on its global network of reporting stations. Daily EISN
reports during Solar Cycle 25 were consistently well below 200 until suddenly
rising to 218 on July 14th and reaching 289 on July 18th, but then declining
to 178 on July 22nd.
While occasional brief daily EISN increases are not unusual during solar
maximum, after only five days, the daily EISN suddenly rose to 212 on July
27th, reaching a Solar Cycle 25 record high 297 on August 8th and remaining
mostly well above 200 through this writing on August 11th. Daily EISN reports
are likely to remain well above 200 during most days through late September
and possibly much longer.
Since February 2002, worldwide 6-meter propagation has been mostly limited to
sporadic occurrences of trans-equatorial propagation (TEP) near the equinox
months and occasional sporadic-E propagation reaching many thousands of miles
during June and July. Worldwide 6-meter F2 propagation may again occur --
perhaps very frequently -- starting in late October 2024 if daily EISN
reports consistently remain well above 200. See www.sidc.be/SILSO/eisnplot [
http://www.sidc.be/SILSO/eisnplot ] .
KF7P Morgan Systems Notch Filters
[
https://surgestop.com/filter-products/index.html]
Amateur Radio Active as Hurricane Ernesto Headed for Bermuda
As of 11:00 AM Wednesday, August 14, 2024, the National Hurricane Center
reported that Tropical Storm Ernesto had become a Category 1 hurricane.
NASA Earth Observatory
[
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/]
A hurricane warning has now been issued for Bermuda and dangerous rip
currents are likely along U.S. East Coast beaches this weekend, August 17 -
18.
Bobby Graves, KB5HAV, Hurricane Watch Net [
http://www.hwn.org/ ] Manager,
reports the net's activation plans:
Friday August 16
�-�20 meters: 14.325 MHz (USB) at 2:00 PM EDT (1800 UTC) until we lose
propagation at night.
�-�40 meters: 7.268 MHz (LSB) at 7:00 PM EDT (2300 UTC). The net will remain
active on this frequency overnight for as long as propagation allows. If
propagation allows operation all night, the net will suspend operations at
7:30 AM EDT Monday to allow the Waterway Net to conduct its daily net.
Saturday August 17
�-�20 meters: we will resume operations on 14.325 MHz at 7:00 AM EDT (1100
UTC).
�-�40 meters: we will resume operations on 7.268 MHz at 8:30 AM EDT (1230
UTC).
The VoIP Hurricane Net [
https://arrl.informz.net/z/cjUucD9taT0zMTA0NjM2JnA9MSZ1PTUyMDM3MjI1NCZsaT0zNDYyNjkwNw/index.html] is not active yet but monitoring the situation.
The hurricane is currently about 605 miles south-southwest of Bermuda with
sustained winds of 85 miles per hour (MPH) and moving north at 13 MPH.
Hurricane-force winds extend outward up to 45 miles from the center and
tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 175 miles. The forecast track
shows the center of Ernesto is expected to pass near or over Bermuda on
Saturday, August 17.
Ernest has now moved out of Puerto Rico. The island suffered flash flooding,
storm damage, and widespread power outages on Wednesday as Ernesto moved
past. Half of all residents were without power, with flooding and damage
especially pronounced in the eastern part of the island. Angel Luis Santana
Díaz, WP3GW, Public Information Coordinator for the ARRL Puerto Rico
Section, reports that amateur radio operators there are on the KP4FRA
repeater system reporting situations in different municipalities.
Fred Kleber, K9VV / NNA2FK, Section Manager of the ARRL Virgin Islands
Section, reports Virgin Islands Territorial Emergency Management Agency
(VIETMA) activated its emergency operations centers on Tuesday night. Power
is out to all customers on all islands with lines down and trees blocking
some roads. Kleber estimated that full power restoration may take 1 - 2 days.
All U.S. Virgin Island (USVI) repeaters are operating except for one, and the
British Virgin Islands BVI.73 repeater is on the air as well. The Starlink
antenna, in use for the first time, survived 75 - 80 MPH wind gusts with
service solid at 150+ Mb download speed, even through the clouds.
More updates will be posted as the Ernesto moves north across Bermuda during
the next 24 hours.
Tigertronics Signalink�(tm)� USB
[
https://tigertronics.com/]
Amateur Radio in the News
"See, talk on ham radios at the fair [
https://www.crossville-chronicle.com/news/lifestyles/see-talk-on-ham-radios-at-the-fair/article_2abff19c-55c3-11ef-97da-df42ca390469.html] " / Crossville Chronicle (Tennessee) August 8, 2024 -- The Cumberland
Plateau Amateur Radio Club is an ARRL Affiliated Club.
ARRL Podcasts
ARRL On the Air
[
https://blubrry.com/arrlontheair/]
On the Air
Sponsored by Icom
The podcast takes a field trip to W1AW, ARRL's Hiram Percy Maxim Memorial
Station, to hear from W1AW Station Manager Joe Carcia, NJ1Q, about all the
ways to "Practice Code with W1AW," from daily code practice sessions at a
speed that suits you, to Qualifying Runs where you can earn certificates for
submitting accurate copy.
ARRL Audio News
[
https://blubrry.com/arrlaudionews/]
ARRL Audio News
Listen to ARRL Audio News [
http://www.arrl.org/arrl-audio-news ] , available
every Friday. ARRL Audio News is a summary of the week's top news stories in
the world of amateur radio and ARRL, along with interviews and other
features. The On the Air podcast and ARRL Audio News are available on
blubrry, iTunes, and Apple Podcasts.
On the Air [
https://blubrry.com/arrlontheair/ ] | ARRL Audio News [
https://blubrry.com/arrlaudionews/ ]
Does Your Repeater Air ARRL Audio News?
ARRL is seeking well-documented technical summaries from individuals or
groups that air ARRL Audio News on their local repeaters. Send along your
story or article, and any photos, to
audionews@arrl.org [
mailto:
audionews@arrl.org ] . Your story may help another repeater join our
large Audio News network. You'll find a list and schedule for the ARRL Audio
News Network at
www.arrl.org/arrl-audio-news [
https://www.arrl.org/arrl-audio-news ] . ARRL Audio News is published every
Friday and includes a spoken summary of the week's top news stories as
reported by ARRL News Editor John Ross, KD8IDJ. It is available as a podcast
hosted by Blubrry.com [
https://www.blubrry.com/arrlaudionews/ ] , and is
also posted each week to the ARRL website [
https://www.arrl.org/arrl-audio-news ] as a downloadable audio file in the
MP3 format.
Geochron Global Operational Awareness
[
http://www.geochron.com/ham-radio-4k/]
In Brief...
The High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program [
https://haarp.gi.alaska.edu/pars2024 ] (HAARP) will be conducting a research
campaign beginning August 13 - 16 and continuing on August 18 - 20, 2024.
Operating frequencies will vary, but all HAARP transmissions will be between
2.8 MHz and 10 MHz. Actual transmit days and times are highly variable based
on real-time ionospheric and/or geomagnetic conditions. Amateur radio
operators are invited to listen and send reception reports to
uaf-gi-haarp@alaska.edu [ mailto:
uaf-gi-haarp@alaska.edu ] or to: HAARP, PO
Box 271, Gakona, AK 99586. This campaign is being conducted in support of
research proposals from the Polar Aeronomy and Radio Science (PARS) Summer
School, with over 25 unique experiments taking place. The theme of this
year's program is "Illuminating Space." The scientific goals of these
experiments range from studies on the effects of ionospheric conditions on
GPS satellite signals to the generation and propagation of e
xtremely low frequency/very low frequency (ELF/VLF) waves. More information
on PARS can be found at
https://haarp.gi.alaska.edu/pars2024 [
https://haarp.gi.alaska.edu/pars2024 ] .
Grace Papay, K8LG, of Holland, Michigan, has been selected as the 2024 Bill
Pasternak WA6ITF Memorial Amateur Radio Newsline Young Ham of the Year
(YHOTY). Papay 18, is a recent honors graduate of Holland Christian High
School in her hometown, where she earned a varsity letter in the Unified
Sports program. She earned her Technician license in March, 2021 and achieved
her Extra Class license in March, 2022. She credited her father, Doug Papay,
K8DP, and her grandfather, John Papay, K8YSE, a well-known operator in the
ham radio satellite community, for drawing her into the hobby. "I got
involved in amateur radio satellites," she recalled. "I got on the air. And
now it has turned into something from honoring my grandfather to a hobby I'm
on every day and I love." With support from her grandfather and father, she
earned the DX Century Club (DXCC) certificate for contacts exclusively using
satellites. She is an active member of the Holland Amateur Radio Club [
https://www.holla ndarc.org/ ] , the Grand Rapids Amateur Radio Association [
https://w8dc.org/ ] , the West Chester Amateur Radio Association [
https://wc8voa.org/ ] , and the American Radio Relay League [
http://arrl.org/ ] (ARRL). Papay will be attending Cedarville University in
Cedarville, Ohio this fall, and will study electrical engineering. She said
amateur radio played a major role in her choice of a major. The YHOTY award
will be presented to Papay during a ceremony at the Huntsville Hamfest on
Saturday, Aug. 17, 2024 ,at the Von Braun Center in Huntsville, Alabama.
RIGOL Oscilloscopes
[
https://www.rigolna.com/dho/?utm_source=QST&utm_medium=eNews&utm_campaign=DHO89]
Radioddity Xiegu X6200 Multi-mode HF Radio
[
https://www.radioddity.com/products/xiegu-x6200?utm_medium=banner&utm_source=ARRL&utm_campaign=The]
Flex Radio FT8
[
https://www.flexradio.com/insider/articles/ft8-tipping-point-for-ham-radio/]
Announcements
CW operators and contesters from around the world are invited to celebrate
the fourth anniversary of the weekly K1USN [
http://www.k1usn.com/ ] Slow
Speed Contest (SST) by participating in a new event, the K1USN SST OPEN
(SSO), which will be held on Friday, September 13, 2024, from 2000 - 2359Z.
Moving forward, the SSO will be held annually on the second Friday in
September.
The goals for the new contest are:
�-�Work as many stations as possible during the four hours on multiple HF
bands (160, 80, 40, 20, 15, 10 meters)
�-�Exchange name and state/province (Non US - VE = DX)
�-�Score total points x CW speed multiplier x total state/province/DX
multipliers
�-�Post log summary on www.3830scores.com but Do NOT mail logs to K1USN
Stations may be worked once per band and there is a 50-point bonus for
working K1USN once per band. From its inception in September 2020, the
twice-weekly SST has encouraged CW newcomers to join with experienced ops in
a relaxed contest at speeds less than 20 words per minute (WPM). Contest
sponsors strongly urge all participants to operate at 12 WPM or less to
provide new CW ops with a comfortable "on-ramp" to CW operating and
contesting. The same speed rules will apply in the Slow Speed Open with the
hope that every station that wishes to jump in will be welcome at a pace
comfortable for them. A CW speed multiplier has been added to the score
calculation as an incentive to go slow, (via the 3830scores.com submittal
form). This speed multiplier is based on your fastest sending speed used
during the contest. Certificates with score and claimed maximum operating
speed (using the honor system) will be available to all entrants.
For complete SSO information, including rules and FAQs, visit
www.k1usn.com/SST.html [
http://www.k1usn.com/SST.html ]
The K7RA Solar Update
K7RA Solar Update - NASA SDO/HMI
For this Friday's ARRL Propagation Bulletin, ARLP033:
With sunspot numbers and solar flux at times both above 300, recent daily
space weather has been exciting for radio amateurs who watch the sun. We like
higher activity because it correlates with a dense ionosphere, bringing with
it better conditions on higher frequencies.
This extreme activity also comes with greater geomagnetic disturbances, which
cause higher absorption of HF signals.
For example, on August 12, the solar flux was 272.4 and the sunspot number
was 245. Middle latitude A index was 51 and the planetary A index was 122,
very high values indicating a G4 geomagnetic storm.
Seven new sunspot groups appeared this week, two on August 8, four on August
11 and one on August 14.
Average daily sunspot numbers rose from 222.3 to 255, while average daily
solar flux increased from 255.3 to 284.9.
Average daily planetary A index went from 15.7 to 28.6, and average daily
middle latitude A index (measured at a single magnetometer in Virginia) rose
from 13.4 to 17.9.
The solar flux outlook for the next few weeks looks promising, with values
peaking at 300 in the first week of September.
Predicted values from the U.S. Air Force are 255, 260, 250 and 240 on August
15 - 18; 235 on August 19 - 20; then 230, 210, 200, and 210 on August 21 -
24; 220 on August 25 - 26; 235 on August 27 - 28; 245 on August 29 - 30; then
240, 245 and 270 on August 31 through September 2; 300 on September 3 - 5;
290 on September 6 - 7, 280 on September 8, and 270 on September 9 - 11.
Predicted planetary A index is 8 on August 15 - 16, then 10, 30, 25 and 10 on
August 17 - 20, followed by 5, 10 and 8 on August 21 - 23, and 5 on August 24
to September 17.
Sunspot numbers for August 8 through 14, 2024 were 337, 382, 234, 194, 245,
199, and 194, with a mean of 255. The 10.7-centimeter flux was 336, 305.5,
291.1, 281.5, 272.4, 259.9, and 248.2, with a mean of 284.9. Estimated
planetary A indices were 7, 7, 7, 28, 122, 17, and 12, with a mean of 28.6.
Middle latitude A index was 11, 9, 8, 23, 51, 12, and 11, with a mean of
17.9.
Send your tips, questions, or comments to
k7ra@arrl.net [
mailto:
k7ra@arrl.net ] .
A comprehensive K7RA Solar Update is posted Fridays on the ARRL website. For
more information concerning radio propagation, visit [
http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals ] the ARRL Technical Information
Service, read [
http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere ] "What the
Numbers Mean...," and check out [
http://k9la.us/ ] the Propagation Page of
Carl Luetzelschwab, K9LA.
A propagation bulletin archive [
http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation ] is available. For
customizable propagation charts, visit the VOACAP Online for Ham Radio [
https://www.voacap.com/hf/ ] website.
Share [ mailto:
k7ra@arrl.net ] your reports and observations.
A weekly, full report is posted on ARRL News [
http://www.arrl.org/news ] .
Schulman Auction Amateur Radio Equipment Specialists
[
https://www.schulmanauction.com/]
Rig Expert New Arrivals SDR Receiver
[
https://rigexpert.com/news/upgrade-your-station-discover-our-latest-ham-equipment-arrivals/]
Preppcomm MMX Nomad
[
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Just Ahead in Radiosport
�-�August 15 - 6 -- Walk for the Bacon QRP Contest (CW)
�-�August 15 -- NTC QSO Party (CW)
�-�August 17 - 18 -- SARTG WW RTTY Contest (digital)
�-�August 17 - 18 -- Russian District Award Contest (CW, phone)
�-�August 17 - 19 -- ARRL 10 GHz and Up Contest (CW, phone, digital) [
https://www.arrl.org/10-ghz-up ]
�-�August 17 - 18 -- Keyman's Club of Japan Contest (CW)
�-�August 17 -- Feld Hell Sprint (digital)
�-�August 17 - 18 -- North American QSO Party (SSB, phone) [
https://ncjweb.com/naqp/ ]
�-�August 17 - 18 -- CVA DX Contest (CW)
�-�August 18 -- FISTS Sunday Sprint CW
�-�August 18 -- NJQRP Skeeter Hunt (CW, phone)
�-�August 18 -- ARRL Rookie Roundup RTTY (digital) [
http://arrl.org/rookie-roundup ]
�-�August 18 - 19 -- Run for the Bacon QRP Contest (CW)
Visit the ARRL Contest Calendar [
http://www.arrl.org/contest-calendar ] for
more events and information.
Upcoming Section, State, and Division Conventions
�-�August 17 - 18 | Huntsville Hamfest [
https://www.arrl.org/hamfests/huntsville-hamfest-arrl-southeastern-division-convention-2?_zs=HPe1m&_zl=n6e23] , sponsoring the ARRL Southeastern Division Convention, Huntsville, Alabama
�-�August 22 - 25 | Northeast HamXposition [
https://www.arrl.org/hamfests/northeast-hamxposition-arrl-new-england-division-convention-2?_zs=HPe1m&_zl=o6e23] , sponsoring the ARRL New England Division Convention, Marlborough,
Massachusetts
�-�August 30 - September 1 | Shelby Hamfest [
https://www.arrl.org/hamfests/68th-annual-shelby-hamfest-arrl-north-carolina-state-convention-1?_zs=HPe1m&_zl=p6e23] , sponsoring the ARRL North Carolina State Convention, Shelby, North
Carolina
�-�August 31 | Summer Symposium [
https://www.arrl.org/hamfests/summer-symposium-by-the-bored-net-arrl-santa-barbara-section-convention?_zs=HPe1m&_zl=q6e23] , sponsoring the ARRL Santa Barbara Section Convention, Camarillo,
California
�-�September 8 | ARRL Southern New Jersey Section Convention [
https://www.arrl.org/hamfests/arrl-southern-new-jersey-section-convention-and-hamfest-2?_zs=HPe1m&_zl=r6e23] , Mullica Hill, New Jersey
�-�September 20 - 22 | Duke City Hamfest [
https://www.dukecityhamfest.org/ ]
, sponsoring the ARRL New Mexico State Convention, Albuquerque, New Mexico
�-�September 21 - 22 | Midwest Superfest [
https://www.arrl.org/hamfests/midwest-superfest-arrl-illinois-section-convention?_zs=HPe1m&_zl=s6e23] , sponsoring the ARRL Illinois Section Convention, Chillicothe, Illinois
�-�September 28 | Red River Radio Amateurs Hamfest [
https://www.arrl.org/hamfests/red-river-radio-amateurs-hamfest-arrl-dakota-division-convention?_zs=HPe1m&_zl=t6e23] , sponsoring the ARRL Dakota Division Convention, West Fargo, North Dakota
�-�October 5 | Wichita Area Hamfest [
https://www.vcarc.org/hamfest-info/ ] ,
sponsoring the ARRL Kansas State Convention, Wichita, Kansas
�-�October 5 | Northstar Radio Convention [
https://www.arrl.org/hamfests/north-star-radio-convention-arrl-minnesota-state-convention?_zs=HPe1m&_zl=nv233] , sponsoring the ARRL Minnesota State Convention, Brooklyn Park, Minnesota
�-�October 5 | Rock Hill Hamfest [
https://www.arrl.org/hamfests/rock-hill-hamfest-arrl-south-carolina-section-convention-1?_zs=HPe1m&_zl=ov233] , sponsoring the ARRL South Carolina Section Convention, Rock Hill, South
Carolina.
Search the ARRL Hamfest and Convention Database [
http://www.arrl.org/hamfests ] to find events in your area.
Have News for ARRL?
Submissions for the ARRL Letter and ARRL News can be sent to
news@arrl.org [
mailto:
news@arrl.org ] . -- John E. Ross, KD8IDJ, ARRL News Editor [
mailto:
news@arrl.org ]
[
http://www.arrl.org]
ARRL -- Your One-Stop Resource for Amateur Radio News and Information
Join ARRL or renew today! [
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scores, NA Sprint, and QSO parties.
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The ARRL Letter for August 15, 2024