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On 9/3/2024 5:38 AM, Mikko wrote:But Prolog can not express ALL logical statement.On 2024-09-02 13:01:23 +0000, olcott said:Which are (like logic) for the most part truth preserving.
>On 9/2/2024 2:54 AM, Mikko wrote:>On 2024-09-01 13:47:00 +0000, olcott said:>
>On 9/1/2024 7:52 AM, Mikko wrote:>On 2024-08-31 18:48:18 +0000, olcott said:>
>*This is how I overturn the Tarski Undefinability theorem*>
An analytic expression of language is any expression of formal or natural language that can be proven true or false entirely on the basis of a connection to its semantic meaning in this same language.
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This connection must be through a sequence of truth preserving operations from expression x of language L to meaning M in L. A lack of such connection from x or ~x in L is construed as x is not a truth bearer in L.
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Tarski's Liar Paradox from page 248
It would then be possible to reconstruct the antinomy of the liar
in the metalanguage, by forming in the language itself a sentence
x such that the sentence of the metalanguage which is correlated
with x asserts that x is not a true sentence.
https://liarparadox.org/Tarski_247_248.pdf
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Formalized as:
x ∉ True if and only if p
where the symbol 'p' represents the whole sentence x
https://liarparadox.org/Tarski_275_276.pdf
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*Formalized as Prolog*
?- LP = not(true(LP)).
LP = not(true(LP)).
According to Prolog semantics "false" would also be a correct
response.
>?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).>
false.
To the extend Prolog formalizes anything, that only formalizes
the condept of self-reference. I does not say anything about
int.
>When formalized as Prolog unify_with_occurs_check()>
detects a cycle in the directed graph of the evaluation
sequence proving the LP is not a truth bearer.
Prolog does not say anything about truth-bearers.
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It may seem that way if you have no idea what
(a) a directed is
(b) what cycles in a directed graph are
(c) What an evaluation sequence is
More relevanto would be what a "truth-maker" is.
Anyway, it seems that Prolog does not say anything about
truth-bearers because Prolog does not say anything about
truth-bearers.
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When Prolog derives expression x from Facts and Rules
by applying the truth preserving operations of Rules to
Facts is the truthmaker for truth-bearer x.
A Prolog impementation applies Prolog operations.
If (A & B) then A
But the set of Prolog operations are limited compared to logic.For some casesI don't thing so. Once the Facts and Rules are specified
Prolog offers several operations letting the implementation to
choose which one to apply.
Prolog chooses whatever Facts and Rules to prove x or not.
It is back-chained inference.
Consequently some goals may evaluate
to true in some implementations and false in others, for example
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L = [L].
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