The existence of dark numbers proven by the thinned out harmonic series

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Sujet : The existence of dark numbers proven by the thinned out harmonic series
De : invalid (at) *nospam* no.org (WM)
Groupes : sci.math
Date : 12. Mar 2025, 08:08:28
Autres entêtes
Message-ID : <vqrbtd$1chb7$2@solani.org>
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The harmonic series diverges. Kempner has shown in 1914 that when all terms containing the digit 9 are removed, the series converges.
That means that the terms containing 9 diverge. Same is true when all terms containing 8 are removed. That means all terms containing 8 and 9 simultaneously diverge.
We can continue and remove all terms containing 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0  in the denominator without changing this. That means that only the terms containing all these digits together constitute the diverging series. (*)
But that's not the end! We can remove any number, like 2025, and the remaining series will converge. For proof use base 2026. This extends to every definable number. Therefore the diverging part of the harmonic series is constituted only by terms containing a digit sequence of all definable numbers.
Note that here not only the first terms are cut off but that many following terms are excluded from the diverging remainder.
This is a proof of the huge set of undefinable or dark numbers.
(*) At this point the diverging series starts with the smallest term 1023456789 and contains further terms like 1203456789 or 1234567891010 or 123456789111 or 1234567891011. Only those containing the digit sequence 10 will survive the next step, and only those containing the digit sequence 1234567891011 (where the order of the first nine digits is irrelevant) will survive the next step.
Regards, WM

Date Sujet#  Auteur
12 Mar 25 * The existence of dark numbers proven by the thinned out harmonic series451WM
12 Mar 25 `* Re: The existence of dark numbers proven by the thinned out harmonic series450Alan Mackenzie
12 Mar 25  `* Re: The existence of dark numbers proven by the thinned out harmonic series449WM
12 Mar 25   `* The non-existence of "dark numbers" [was: The existence of dark numbers proven by the thinned out harmonic series]448Alan Mackenzie
12 Mar 25    +* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers" [was: The existence of dark numbers proven by the thinned out harmonic series]444WM
12 Mar 25    i+* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"414Alan Mackenzie
12 Mar 25    ii`* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"413WM
12 Mar 25    ii `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"412Alan Mackenzie
12 Mar 25    ii  +* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"6Moebius
13 Mar 25    ii  i+- Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"1WM
13 Mar 25    ii  i`* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"4Alan Mackenzie
13 Mar 25    ii  i `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"3Moebius
13 Mar 25    ii  i  `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"2WM
13 Mar 25    ii  i   `- Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"1joes
13 Mar 25    ii  +* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"401WM
13 Mar 25    ii  i+* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"399Alan Mackenzie
13 Mar 25    ii  ii+* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"397WM
13 Mar 25    ii  iii+* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"3joes
13 Mar 25    ii  iiii`* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"2WM
14 Mar 25    ii  iiii `- Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"1joes
13 Mar 25    ii  iii`* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"393Alan Mackenzie
14 Mar 25    ii  iii `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"392WM
14 Mar 25    ii  iii  +* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"7FromTheRafters
14 Mar 25    ii  iii  i`* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"6WM
14 Mar 25    ii  iii  i `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"5FromTheRafters
14 Mar 25    ii  iii  i  `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"4WM
15 Mar 25    ii  iii  i   `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"3FromTheRafters
15 Mar 25    ii  iii  i    +- Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers" (thread too long, nothing in it)1Ross Finlayson
15 Mar 25    ii  iii  i    `- Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"1WM
14 Mar 25    ii  iii  +* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"383Alan Mackenzie
14 Mar 25    ii  iii  i`* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"382WM
14 Mar 25    ii  iii  i +* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"380Alan Mackenzie
14 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i`* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"379WM
15 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i +* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"371Alan Mackenzie
15 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i`* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"370WM
15 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i +* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"4joes
15 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i`* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"3WM
15 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"2joes
15 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i  `- Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"1WM
15 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i +* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"362Alan Mackenzie
15 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i`* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"361WM
16 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i +* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"356Alan Mackenzie
16 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i`* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"355WM
16 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i +* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"268Jim Burns
16 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i`* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"267WM
16 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"266Jim Burns
16 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i  `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"265WM
16 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i   `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"264Jim Burns
16 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i    `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"263WM
17 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i     `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"262Jim Burns
17 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i      `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"261WM
17 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i       `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"260Jim Burns
17 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i        `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"259WM
17 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i         `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"258Jim Burns
18 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i          `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"257WM
18 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i           `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"256Jim Burns
18 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i            `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"255WM
19 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i             `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"254Jim Burns
19 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i              `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"253WM
19 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i               `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"252Jim Burns
20 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"251WM
20 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                 `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"250Jim Burns
20 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                  `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"249WM
20 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                   `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"248Jim Burns
21 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                    `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"247WM
21 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                     `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"246Jim Burns
21 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                      `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"245WM
21 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       +* The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 [Was: The non-existence of "dark numbers"]183Alan Mackenzie
21 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       i+* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 [Was: The non-existence of "dark numbers"]40Moebius
21 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       ii+* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 [Was: The non-existence of "dark numbers"]37Moebius
21 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii+* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 [Was: The non-existence of "dark numbers"]2Moebius
21 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iiii`- Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 [Was: The non-existence of "dark numbers"]1Moebius
21 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii`* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 1034Alan Mackenzie
21 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii +* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 1032Moebius
22 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii i+- Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 101Ross Finlayson
22 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii i+* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 1029Ralf Bader
22 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii`* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 1028Moebius
22 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii +* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 102Moebius
22 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii i`- Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 101Moebius
23 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii `* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 1025Ross Finlayson
23 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii  `* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 1024Jim Burns
23 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii   `* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 (theory of theories)23Ross Finlayson
24 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii    +* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 (theory of theories)19Chris M. Thomasson
24 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii    i`* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 (theory of theories)18Jim Burns
24 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii    i +* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 (theory of theories)11Ross Finlayson
24 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii    i i`* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 (theory of theories)10Jim Burns
25 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii    i i `* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 (theory of theories)9Ross Finlayson
25 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii    i i  +* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 (theory of theories)3Jim Burns
25 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii    i i  i`* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 (theory of theories)2Ross Finlayson
25 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii    i i  i `- Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 (theory of theories)1Jim Burns
25 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii    i i  `* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 (theory of theories)5Jim Burns
25 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii    i i   `* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 (theory of theories)4Ross Finlayson
25 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii    i i    `* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 (theory of theories)3Jim Burns
25 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii    i i     `* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 (theory of theories)2Ross Finlayson
25 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii    i i      `- Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 (theory of theories)1Jim Burns
26 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii    i `* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 (theory of theories)6Chris M. Thomasson
27 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii    i  `* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 (theory of theories)5Jim Burns
27 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii    i   `* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 (theory of theories)4FromTheRafters
27 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii    i    +- Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 (theory of theories)1Jim Burns
27 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii    i    `* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 (theory of theories)2Ross Finlayson
27 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii    i     `- Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 (theory of theories)1Ross Finlayson
24 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii ii    `* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 (theory of theories)3Jim Burns
22 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii i`- Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 101WM
22 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       iii `- Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 101WM
22 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       ii`* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 [Was: The non-existence of "dark numbers"]2WM
22 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       i`* Re: The reality of sets, on a scale of 1 to 10 [Was: The non-existence of "dark numbers"]142WM
21 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       +* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"3FromTheRafters
22 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i i                       `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"58Jim Burns
16 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i +* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"85Alan Mackenzie
16 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i i `- Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"1joes
16 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i i `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"4joes
15 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i i `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"3Chris M. Thomasson
15 Mar 25    ii  iii  i i `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"7joes
14 Mar 25    ii  iii  i `- Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"1joes
14 Mar 25    ii  iii  `- Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"1joes
14 Mar 25    ii  ii`- Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"1Chris M. Thomasson
13 Mar 25    ii  i`- Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"1joes
13 Mar 25    ii  `* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers"4Ben Bacarisse
12 Mar 25    i`* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers" [was: The existence of dark numbers proven by the thinned out harmonic series]29Jim Burns
12 Mar 25    +* Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers" [was: The existence of dark numbers proven by the thinned out harmonic series]2FromTheRafters
12 Mar 25    `- Re: The non-existence of "dark numbers" [was: The existence of dark numbers proven by the thinned out harmonic series]1Jim Burns

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