Re: Relativity is a pseudoscience II. The Hafele-Keating HOAX,

On Wed, 18 Sep 2024 3:26:38 +0000, ProkaryoticCaspaseHomolog wrote:

On Wed, 18 Sep 2024 2:15:52 +0000, rhertz wrote:
>

http://www.leapsecond.com/museum/HK50/
>
50th Anniversary of 1971 Hafele-Keating Experiment
04-Oct-2021
>
NOTE: OBSERVE THE COUNTER LOCATED ABOVE BOTH CLOCKS IN THE PHOTO. IT'S
AN HP COUNTER/FREQ. METER, NOT ABLE TO MEASURE ABOVE 100 MHZ OR BELOW 1
uSec (first and third photo). It doesn't work to measure nanoseconds.

>
As a EE, you should immediately have been able to think of a variety
of methods whereby H&K could have performed their inter-clock
comparisons to sub-nanosecond accuracy. I presume that their clocks
had a variety of outputs. Today's clocks might typically have a 1 PPS
output, as well as 1 MHz, 5 MHz and 10 MHz sine wave outputs.
>
The first thing that I can think of would be to use an external time
interval counter. I would connect the TIC to both clocks' 1 PPS outputs,
and it will measure the time difference between the outputs to
sub-nanosecond accuracy. Since the TIC is triggered by the edges of
the output signals, its precision will be much greater than what
the clock readouts can show.
>
A second thing that I might try would be to use a phase detector to
measure the phase difference between the clock outputs. The phase shift
of the signal can be translated into a time difference. For example,
a 3.6 degree phase shift between two 10 MHz clock outputs would
correspond to a time difference of 1 ns.
>
I'm sure that you can quickly think of other methods of performing
the inter-comparisons. Which method did H&K use? They didn't specify
in their two Science papers, but they would certainly have expected
that any "person skilled in the art" (PSITA) could figure things out
if they wanted to repeat the experiment.

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The HP 5360A Computime, introduced in 1969, measured time intervals of
0 to 1000 seconds with 1 nanosecond resolution. The internal crystal
oscillator offered a measurement accuracy of 1 part in 10^7. It could
also be connected to an external 1 MHz or 5 MHz reference oscillator
to improve long-term accuracy and stability. It could average multiple
time interval measurements to reduce noise and improve accuracy over
a series of measurements. It had a 9-digit Nixie tube display.