Re: In 1911, EInstein thought that photons had mass. Still in use 123 years after,

Den 16.09.2024 18:32, skrev rhertz:

 2) The satellite clock is PERCEIVED to be ticking slower (from the
Earth's ground) by a factor:
 Δf/f = Φ/c² =  GMe/c² (1/Re - 1/Rs)
 with respect to a TWIN CLOCK, located on the Earth's surface.

This is wrong.
Let us compare the proper times of two clocks.
Both are atomic clocks which count seconds as defined by SI.
Some data:
Geocentric gravitational constant GM = 3.986004418⋅10¹⁴ m³/s²
Speed of light in vacuum c = 299792458 m/s
Sidereal day  tₛ = 86164.0905 s
Equatorial radius of the Earth R = 6378137 m
Clock C₀ is stationary on the geoid at equator, longitude 0.
The proper time of this clock will for one rotation of
the Earth be τ₀ = 86164.0905 s
Clock C₁ is in circular orbit in the equatorial plane.
The orbital period p is half a sidereal day, p = 43082.04525 s
The radius of the orbit is then r = GM⋅p²/4π² = 26561763 m.
The proper time of this clock to make two orbits around
the Earth will be:
   τ₁ = (1 + (GM/c²)⋅(1/R-1/r)+(v₀²-v₁²)/2c²)⋅τ₀
where:
The speed of clock C₀ in the ECI frame v₀ = 2πR/tₛ = 465.1011 m/s
The speed of clock C₁ in the ECI frame v₁ = 2πr/p = 3873.8291 m/s
  τ₁ = (1 + 4.4647⋅10⁻¹⁰)⋅τ₀ = 86164.0905 s + 38.49 μs
Note that τ₁ and τ₀ are invariant proper times.
They are real, there is nothing apparent about them.
dτ₁/dτ₀ = (1 + 4.4647⋅10⁻¹⁰), so C₁ appear to run faster than C₀.

 At ANY CASE, there IS NO experimental proof about any of these two
cases, because the relativity of the pseudoscience that relativity is,
prevents THAT ANY LOCAL MEASURE ONBOARD can be remotely measured from
ANY ground station.

A GPS satellite sends the exact information of where it is and
what its clock show to the receivers. That is the principle of the GPS.
And the ground stations which are tracking each satellite for hours
each day can measure the position of satellites, and what their
clocks show. This way they can upload the correction data to
the satellites so their clocks are kept in sync within few ns.
This is necessary for the GPS to work, which it does, even
if it according to you is impossible.
Since the clock C₁ has exactly the same orbital data as a GPS satellite,
dτ₁/τ₀ is the same as a GPS satellite where the rate of the clock
is not adjusted down.
Such a GPS satellite was in orbit 1977
https://paulba.no/paper/Initial_results_of_GPS_satellite_1977.pdf
It confirmed GR's prediction.

 In the case of orbiting clocks, the theoretical accumulative difference
in TIME ELAPSED is questionable IF such clocks are sent back to the
ground lab for comparisons, because it violates the purity of the theory
in this way: Relativity formulae are ANALOG, while data stored in
orbiting clocks is DIGITAL.

What an idiotic idea. :-D
t = 1234 s are digital data
How would you store analog data?
As a voltage in a capacitor?
Would that keep the the theory pure?

 Digital technology was unknown 100 years ago (even 70 years ago). There
is NO mathematical explanation about what happens when you TRANSFORM
analog information of EM radiation into digital info (A.K.A digital
counters of BOTH CLOCKS.

Richard Hertz's mind works in mysterious ways. :-D
--
Paul
https://paulba.no/