Re: The Shapiro's experiment HOAX. A 1968 TIME article.

On Wed, 16 Oct 2024 17:58:47 +0000, J. J. Lodder wrote:
<snip>

Moreover, Shapiro's paper is titled
FOURTH TEST OF GENERAL RELATIVITY: --PRELIMINARY RESULTS-- [Emph. JJL]
>
For Shipiro the results were at the edge of what was technically
possible to detect, -at the time-.
Nowadays taking Shapiro delay has to be incorporated
into space probe tracking and orbit determination.
Nutters worry about popular reports of the original experiment,
while the results themselves are standard everyday engineering.
>
Hint for RH:
All interplanetry spacecraft are equipped with transponders.
These devices respond to an incoming radio pulse by responding
with a reply pulse, with a known delay.
The replies are of course detected routinely,
and measured delays are used for orbit calculation and navigation.

THE ABOVE COMMENT SUITS BETTER COMING FROM A KNOW-IT-ALL CHARLATAN.
YOU ARE SO WRONG AND MISINFORMED THAT MAKES ME CRY.
SHAPIRO'S GOAL WAS QUITE SIMPLE: TO REPLACE TESTS WITH ECLIPSES AND
VISIBLE LIGHT TELESCOPES WITH MICROWAVES AND RADIO-TELESCOPES, IN ORDER
TO PROVE THE DEFLECTION OF 1.75 ARCSECONDS FOR LIGHT GRAZING THE SUN'S
SURFACE!!
INSTEAD OF TRYING TO MEASURE THE DEFLECTION IN SUCH CASES, HE MODIFIED
THE GOAL BY MEASURING THE DELAY (200 uSec) OF LIGHT (MW) WHEN TRAVELING
THE ADDITIONAL 60 KM (PERCEIVED FROM EARTH DUE TO THE "GRAVITY BEND".
IN HIS OWN WORDS:
Because, according to the general theory, the speed of a light wave
depends on the strength of the gravitational potential along its path,
these time delays should thereby be increased by almost 2×10−4 sec when
the radar pulses pass near the sun. Such a change, equivalent to 60 km
in distance, could now be measured over the required path length to
within about 5 to 10% with presently obtainable equipment.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapiro_time_delay
BUT SUCH CALCULATION WAS PRONE TO ERRORS AND MANIPULATION OF THE
ORIGINAL 1915 FORMULA ΔΦ = 4GM/c². THE VALUE OF 1.75" DECREASES WITH
ΔΦ x RSun/R OR  ΔΦ x 634,000Km/R
AND IS APPLICABLE ONLY ON THE VICINITY OF THE SUN, NOT ANYWHERE. AT A
DISTANCE OF 6.34 MILLION Km, ΔΦ REDUCES TO 0.175", AND GET WORSE AS R
INCREASES.
SOME OF MANY FATAL ERRORS IN SHAPIRO'S BASIC HYPOTHESIS ARE:
1. ORIGINAL FORMULA WAS INVENTED FOR LIGHT COMING FROM INFINITY.
2. HE STRAIGHTENED THE CURVATURE OF SPACETIME, IN ORDER TO MAKE VERY
GROSS TRIGONOMETRIC CALCULATIONS TO GET THE EXTRA 60 KM (SEE THE FORMULA
IN THE WIKIPEDIA LINK).
3. HE AVERAGED PRELIMINARY RESULTS BY MIXING DATA FROM MERCURY AND
VENUS.
4. HE ACKNOWLEDGED THAT THE RECEIVED SIGNAL WAS -180 dBm, including
antenna gain. This represents a received signal of 0.22 nanoVolts rms,
which was COMPLETELY SUBMERGED IN NOISE, DOPPLER EFFECTS, INTERFERENCES
ATMOSPHERIC DEGRADATIONS, ETC.
WITH THE COOKED DATA FROM THOUSAND OF MEASUREMENTS, HE RUSHED TO WRITE
THE FIRST PAPER, WARNING THAT SEVERAL MONTHS OF COMPUTER FILTERING (MANY
STATISTICAL FUDGES POSSIBLE) WERE GOING TO BE NEEDED FOR A MORE DETAILED
REPORT.
5. HE FAILED TO REPORT THAT MOST OF THE SIGNAL FROM EARTH WAS LOST AT
THE SUN'S SURFACE, BEFORE EVEN REACHING THE TARGET PLANET.
6. HE FAILED TO REPORT WHICH WAS THE EFFECTIVE AREA OF THE REFLECTOR
(TARGET PLANET) EXISTED, AND WHICH WAS THE POWER DENSITY REACHING THE
TARGET. THIS ALONE INTRODUCES A LOT MORE LOSSES THAN TRAVELING ON VACUUM
FOR HUNDRED OF MILLION OF KM.
6. EVEN WHEN HE DISCLOSED THAT PULSES BEING SPACED 60 uSec WERE
CONTINUOUSLY TRANSMITTED FOR MORE THAN 22 MINUTES (MERCURY), AND THEN
SWITCHED TRANSMISSION TO RECEPTION, IN ORDER TO CAPTURE THE INBOUND
REFLECTION, HE ACKNOWLEDGED THAT THE ROUND TRIP DISTANCE WAS NOT KNOWN
WITH THE REQUIRED PRECISION (ERRORS OF HUNDRED OF KM). DUE TO THIS, HE
COULDN'T AFFIRM THAT THE INITIAL RECEIVED SIGNAL CONTAINED THE EVENT OF
MW GRAZING THE SUN'S SURFACE.
7. EVEN WHEN HE ADMITTED MANY GROSS APPROXIMATIONS IN THE WIKI FORMULA,
HE DISMISSED SEVERAL EFFECTS LIKE REFRACTIONS OF MW IN SUN'S ATMOSPHERE.
THIS, ALONG WITH MANY OTHER SUSPICIOUS STATEMENTS IN THE 1968 PAPER,
DISMISS MANY EFFECTS LIKE MW REGENERATION WHEN REACHING THE SUN.
8. THE BINARY ENCODING OF SIGNAL'S PHASE, WHICH ALLOW PROCESSING OF
RECEIVED SIGNAL OVER NOISE BY USING CORRELATION, IS NOT ENOUGH TO DETECT
THE ARRIVAL OF A HIGHLY DEFORMED AND CORRUPTED ECHO.
THEN, THE USE OF THOUSAND OF MEASUREMENTS ALONG MONTHS PLUS COMPUTER
PROCESSING AND FILTERING, PREVENTED HIM TO PRESENT CLEAN DATA, WARNING
THAT MONTHS OF POST-PROCESSING WERE AHEAD OF HIS PRELIMINARY REPORT.
ALL OF THE ABOVE, AND MUCH MORE, SMELL LIKE A ROTTEN FISH.
STATISTICAL MANIPULATION (FUDGING, COOKING) OF DATA HAS BEEN, SINCE THE
DIGITAL COMPUTER AGE, THE PREFERRED TOOL TO OBTAIN WHAT IS SEEK. BUT,
INCLUDING IN THIS CASE, HE COVERED HIS ASS BY TELLING THAT THE AD-HOC
COMPUTER BUILT TO TRACK AND STORE RECEIVED PULSES HAD AN IMPORTANT
FAILURE OF DESIGN.

More hint for RH: radar echos diminish with r^-4,
and are soon lost in the noise.
Transponder reception and response goes with r^-2,
and still works reliably for spacecraft beyond PLuto,
like the Voyagers. All you need is a big radio dish.

YOU SHOULDN'T WRITE AFFIRMATIONS ON SUBJECTS THAT ARE COMPLETELY ALIEN
TO YOU. THIS REFERS TO YOUR COMMENT ABOUT POWER DECAYING WITH r^-4, ONCE
THE RADAR BEAM HIT THE TARGET AND BOUNCES BACK. IT STILL DECAYS WITH
r^-2. ANY RADIO ENGINEER WOULD TELL YOU TO STFU.

>
Final hint: The Parker near solar probe for example
would be hopelessly lost if Shapiro delay on its signals
wouldn't be taken into account correctly.
While you whine about it the mission engineers who fly the thing
routinely take it into account without even giving it another thought,
>
Jan

I'M FINISHING THIS POST BECAUSE I'M FEELING SICK WITH ALL THE STUPIDITY
THAT SUPPORT RELATIVITY.
ONE FINAL WORD OF WARNING, JAN: DON'T WRITE ABOUT SOMETHING YOU DON'T
KNOW SHIT.
THE USE OF TRANSPONDERS HAS BEEN OF COMMON USE IN SPACECRAFTS, ROCKETS,
DEEP SPACE SONDES, ETC., SINCE THE SPAGE AGE COMMENCED, AND IS UNRELATED
TO SHAPIRO'S DELAY. IT'S A MATTER OF COMMON SENSE IN RADIO ENGINEERING.