Re: E = 3/4 mc² or E = mc²? The forgotten Hassenohrl 1905 work.

On Wed, 4 Dec 2024 10:10:39 +0000, ProkaryoticCaspaseHomolog wrote:

On Tue, 3 Dec 2024 19:02:45 +0000, rhertz wrote:
>

And I forgot:
>
The settlement of constants BY COLLUSION requires that ALL THE
INSTRUMENTATION THAT EXIST (used in any science) BE RE-CALIBRATED, to
obey.
>
>
Do you get this?
>
If you manufacture mass spectrometers, voltmeters, timers, WHATEVER,
better that you RE-ADJUST the values that come from measurements.
>
Example: Your voltmeter measures 1 Volt as 0.9995743 OLD Volts? Then
RECALIBRATE THAT MF or you will sell NONE. Is that clear?
>
CALIBRATION is an essential part in the design and manufacturing OF ANY
INSTRUMENT!. But you require MASTER REFERENCES (OR GUIDELINES LIKE THOSE
FROM BIPM).
>
Your laser based distance meter measure 1 meter as 1.00493 meters?
RECALIBRATE THE INSTRUMENT RIGHT IN THE PRODUCTION LINE.
>
Not to talk about instrumentation used to compute Atomic Weight or
a.m.u.
>
ADJUST, COMPLY AND OBEY OR YOU'RE OUT OF THE BUSINESS.
>
Did you manufacture a single instrument in an university lab? ADJUST,
COMPLY AND OBEY or you are OUTCASTED.
>
How do you dare to measure c = 299,793,294 m/s? ARE YOU CRAZY? Adjust
the readings to c = 299,792,458 m/s, OR ELSE.
>
And this has been happening since late XIX Century. Read the history
behind the definition of 1 Ohm, mainly commanded by British
institutions, with Cavendish lab behind it.

>
E ≈ 1.0000000 mc^2 is not a calibration adjustment. It is a
measurement made with calibrated instrumentation whose consistency
with other instrumentation has been carefully verified by procedures
such as you cast aspersion upon above.
>
Do you want to go back to three barleycorns per inch? Or the
historical chaos that resulted in the Troy pound, Tower pound,
London pound, Wool pound, Jersey pound, Trone pound, libra, livre
and so forth? Or a second equals 1/86400 part of a day?

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Atomic mass unit is measured by determining the mass of atoms relative
to carbon-12. Measured by mass spectrometer (mass-to-charge ratio).
Units  amu (or u, Dalton)
Atomic weight is a calculated average based on the naturally occurring
isotopes and their abundance. Measured by mass spectrometer + isotopic
abundance. Dimensionless (relative value).
Example Carbon-12 mass = 12 amu. Carbon atomic weight ≈ 12.01.
The formula used in a mass spectrometer relates the mass-to-charge ratio
(m/z) of ions to their behavior in an electric or magnetic field. The
mass-to-charge ratio m/z  is directly proportional to the radius of the
ion’s path in the magnetic field.
m/z = r² B² e/2V
m = z (r² B² e/2V)
m = mass of the ion (in kilograms).
z = charge of the ion (in coulombs, usually a multiple of the elementary
charge e.
V = accelerating voltage (Volts)
B = magnetic field strength (in tesla, T).
r = radius of the circular path of the ion in the magnetic field (in
meters).
Measurement Process: The mass of atoms is measured using highly
sensitive instruments like a mass spectrometer. The steps are:
1) Ionization: Atoms are ionized (charged).
2) Acceleration: Ions are accelerated through an electric field V.
3) Deflection: Ions are deflected by a magnetic field B, based on their
mass and charge.
4) Detection: The mass-to-charge ratio is detected and used to calculate
the atomic mass of the ion.
*****************************************************************
NIST 2024 value for amu:  1.660 539 068 92 x 10^-27 kg
Some values of Relative Atomic Mass (C = 12.0000000)
H 1    1.00782503223(9)
He 4   4.00260325413(6)
Li 7   7.0160034366(45)
Be 9   9.012183065(82)
C 12  12.0000000(00)
****************************************************************
QUESTION 1: IN THE FORMULA
        m = z (r² B² e/2V)
WITH HOW MANY DIGITS EACH VARIABLE HAS TO BE MEASURED IN ORDER TO OBTAIN
amu WITH 9 DECIMAL DIGITS? IN PARTICULAR, THE MAGNETIC FIELD AND THE
RADIUS.
QUESTION 2: WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF THE CALIBRATION OF THE MANY
INSTRUMENTS USED IN MASS SPECTROGRAPHY? CAN THEY BE FIXED BY COLLUSION
OF MANUFACTURERS AND REGULATORY BODIES?