Re: Does the Math Show A Doubling of the Gravitational Deflection of Starlight?

On Thu, 23 Jan 2025 19:06:05 +0000, Paul.B.Andersen wrote:

Den 23.01.2025 01:39, skrev LaurenceClarkCrossen:

On Wed, 22 Jan 2025 13:40:52 +0000, Paul.B.Andersen wrote:
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On Mon, 20 Jan 2025 8:17:24 +0000, Mikko wrote:
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The fact is that some distant
galaxies
are observed in two or more different directions.

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The issue is if multiple images of distant galaxies can be seen.
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My answer is:
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It is however _many_ examples that multiple distorted images
of the same object can be seen.
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A star or quasar is radiating light in all direction.
So if, relative to us, the star or quasar is behind a large
galaxy, light that is passing close by the galaxy may be
gravitational deflected so that the light is bent towards us.
If the star or quasar is exactly on a straight line behind
the gravitating galaxy, light passing on different sides
may be bent towards us, so we see multiple images or even
a ring.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein_Cross
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https://www.livescience.com/physics-mathematics/gravity/rare-einstein-cross-warps-light-from-one-of-the-universes-brightest-objects-in-this-stunning-image
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein_ring
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Make my day. Keep denying facts.

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You're so lame brain that you didn't address the issue which is whether
it is refraction or gravity. Duh!

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Laurence Clark Crossen believe that the issue is if
Einstein crosses and Einstein rings are created by
refraction or gravitational lensing.
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What do you think it is, Laurence?
Refraction in the intergalactic medium? :-D

Paul, according to Einstein the doubling of deflection is caused by
Huygens principle. Is that involved in the non-Euclidean calculation of
the doubling of curving space or has that been jettisoned?