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1933 by Fermi) to solve the violation of energy conservation in beta
decay (when a neutron turns into a proton and emits an electron).
Scientists observed that the emitted electrons had varying energies,
rather than a fixed value as expected. The neutrino was ALLEGEDLY
detected experimentally by Cowan and Reines in 1956.
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The missing energy varied from 0.1 to 0.2 eV (millions of times lower
than electrons at rest). Pauli assumed that neutrinos might be massless,
like photons, and this kept in the '70s, with the Standard Model
(1970s). Analysis from Solar Neutrinos (1960s–2001) suggested that
neutrinos oscillate, wich (de Broglie) require mass.
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Up to date, the neutinos mass is UNKNOWN. As neutrinos proved to be the
JOKER CARD of particle physics, different types of neutrino emerged
since its invention TO JUSTIFY the conservation of energy. All three of
them were asigned a spin of 1/2 in the Standard Model, only for
equations involving SMEP charged particles. They are; Electron neutrino
(< 2.2 eV), Muon neutrino (< 0.17 eV) and Tau neutrino (< 15.5 MeV). The
energies ARE STILL NOT KNOWN (so their mass, IF THEY HAVE IT AT ALL).
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